Atom Economy Calculator
Find what fraction of stoichiometric reactant mass ends up in the desired product.
01 Set up your calculation
- Balance the reaction and identify the desired product.
- Enter all consumed reactants’ molar masses and their matching coefficients.
- Enter the desired product’s molar mass and coefficient. Exclude catalysts and solvents that are not consumed.
02 The relationship
For the assumptions behind these results, read the explanation below. You can also explore Percent Yield and Molar Mass.
Follow the numbers
For C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O, the reactant mass is 46.069 + 31.998 = 78.067 g per reaction basis. The 60.052 g of acetic acid gives about 76.9237% atom economy.
03 Start with a balanced equation
Coefficients specify how many moles of each substance participate in the chosen reaction basis. Multiplying a molar mass by its coefficient places every substance on that same basis. Scaling all coefficients equally leaves atom economy unchanged.
Include every stoichiometrically consumed reactant, even when it is inexpensive or commonly described as a reagent. Omitting one can produce an inflated percentage or an impossible result above 100%.
04 Distinguish atom economy from yield
Atom economy describes the reaction pathway’s theoretical allocation of atoms. It does not use the mass actually isolated in a laboratory. A reaction can have excellent atom economy and a poor experimental yield.
It also does not capture solvent use, heating, toxicity, purification losses or excess reagent. Use it as one measure when comparing chemical routes, alongside the practical factors the calculation leaves out.
Questions from the notebook
Do I count a catalyst?
Not in this stoichiometric metric if it is regenerated rather than consumed. Catalyst production and losses can matter in broader environmental accounting.
Can the result exceed 100%?
Not for a correctly specified mass-balanced reaction. A larger value usually indicates missing reactants, incorrect coefficients or inconsistent molar masses.
References & reading
- U.S. EPA — Basics of Green Chemistry ↗
Explains atom economy as retaining starting-material atoms in the desired product; the calculator expresses this mass balance as a percentage.
- OpenStax, Rice University — Chemistry 2e: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept ↗
Develops formula-mass addition and conversions among grams, moles and entities.
- NIST — Guide to SI conversion factors ↗
Supports physical unit conversions. Input values are converted to the formula’s base units before calculation.
Our explanations are written for ChemistryCalc. Read how we build and check our tools. These calculations are educational estimates where the underlying model requires assumptions.